Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical

A Method of Anatomy: Descriptive and Deductive

Most students, especially Indian students, can learn sufficient anatomy from one of the standard textbooks to get them through their examinations. But much of what they learn is imperfectly understood, so that not a great deal of anatomical knowledge is retained to help them through their final studies and their careers. The author, who is Professor of Anatomy in the University of Toronto, teac...

Surgical Anatomy and Technique

Copyright © 2009 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons Extended endoscopic endonasal approaches are becoming increasingly applied in the management of various intracranial pathol ogies along the midline cranial base. On one end of the complexity spectrum lie lesions such as pituitary adenomas and encephaloceles of the cribriform plate, which can be more easily approached through the endonasa...

Surgical Anatomy

Surgical Anatomy

Surgical Anatomy

The adrenal glands were first described in 1552 by the Italian anatomist Bartolomeo Eustachi in his Opuscula Anatomica as ‘‘glandulae renis incumbentes’’ (glands lying on the kidney) [1], but their function remained controversial for the next 300 years [2]. The adrenal have a dual origin (Fig. 2.1a, b), i.e. the cortex arises from mesoderm whereas the medulla has a neuroectodermal origin [2]. T...